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The Department of Works (DoW) of Papua New Guinea manages 8,738 km of national roads, of which only 36% are paved. The other 5,590 km of roads are unpaved and generally require frequent maintenance due to low surface durability. Only 10% of the unpaved roads are well-maintained, while the other 90% are in poor condition or even abandoned. Under these circumstances, JICA has committed to a grant for heavy road maintenance equipment for four provincial DoW offices. In order to make better use of the grant equipment, a technical cooperation project was formulated in this survey based on the understanding of current conditions and discussions with DoW. PADECO deployed a road maintenance engineer, the assignment of which included (i) a fact-finding survey on the situation of road maintenance by DoW and external contractors, (ii) the respective responsibilities of DoW regarding road maintenance, and (iii) the current technical level and capacities/roles of the six provincial DoW offices. Based on the information/data collected and discussions undertaken, a suitable technical cooperation project for the country was formulated and agreed by both JICA and the Government of Papua New Guinea.