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Hanoi has been facing problems with insufficient waste water treatment capacity and an increase in water pollution due to urbanization and industrialization. The Government of Japan has continuously supported improvement of the water environment in Hanoi through official development assistance (ODA) since 1997. Three wastewater treatment plants constructed with Japanese ODA are in service. In addition, another two are under construction with Japanese ODA and private funds, and the construction of more plants is planned. With the expansion of sewerage services over the years, appropriate management of the services is becoming more important for sustaining system performance, ensuring customer satisfaction, and secure financial aspects. The outputs of this survey were as follows: (i) a Study of the Current Situation and Future Plan for the Sewerage Sector in Hanoi, (ii) a Study of Action Plans for Sustainable and Effective Operation of the Sewerage System in Hanoi, (iii) a Study of PPP Schemes in the Sewerage Sector, (iv) Development of Facility Plans and Preliminary Cost Estimates for Construction and Operation of the Project, (v) a Study for Formulation of PPP Project(s), and (vi) Project Evaluation.